Arab genealogy and Amazigh purism are the same test, run from opposite ends.
Gulf genealogy ranks Tunisians as insufficiently Arab; Amazigh purism answers with a bloodline test of its own. Alsace shows how Europe actually grants an ethnonym, by soil and time, not descent, and Ahmad Bey abolished slavery by decree in 1846, two years before France did. Tunisian is not a compromise between Arab and Amazigh; it is the name of everyone who stayed.
Spain keeps the Visigoths and Italy keeps the Lombards, though both were foreign, Arian, and gone. The Vandal kings ruled from Carthage for ninety-five years, struck silver reading Felix Karthago, and in 455 sailed from here to sack Rome. Tunisia keeps Hannibal, the Aghlabids, and the Turks, and files this century under Germany.
Three claims from one interview, and the documents that answer them.
The watercolours that open the canon in 1926 came from the office of a Belgian clerk who also took in the head tax. On the painters’ own tapes, the freedom of the Élisabethville studio meant painting what its French director painted and selling to nobody. The curator who calls all of this a miracle bought close to ten thousand of the results.
Italy lost an army at Adwa on 1 March 1896. The New York Times found the winners Caucasian by April; Britain, France and Italy divided Ethiopia into spheres of influence by 1906; Italy came back with mustard gas in 1935.
Malagasy envoys reached London in 1837 to end an alliance, and the Foreign Office answered by setting their queen’s conduct against the heir to the British throne. Two centuries on, the encyclopedias still file the two reigns in different grammar.
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Play: From Derja to Ethnonym: How Tunisia Was Denied a People-Name
